DIM (Diindolylmethane)
The cruciferous vegetable compound that supports healthy estrogen metabolism
Also known as: Diindolylmethane • 3,3'-Diindolylmethane • Cruciferous Extract
Overview
DIM (diindolylmethane) is a compound formed when the body digests indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts. DIM promotes healthy estrogen metabolism by shifting the balance from harmful 16-alpha-hydroxyestrone toward protective 2-hydroxyestrone. This shift in estrogen metabolites is associated with reduced risk of estrogen-related cancers and improved hormonal balance. DIM is used by both men and women — men use it to manage estrogen levels (especially when testosterone is elevated), and women use it for PMS, hormonal acne, and estrogen-dominant conditions. You would need to eat 2-3 pounds of cruciferous vegetables daily to get the amount of DIM in a typical supplement.
Key Benefits
Healthy Estrogen Metabolism
DIM shifts estrogen metabolism toward the 2-hydroxy pathway (protective) and away from the 16-alpha-hydroxy pathway (potentially harmful). This shift is associated with reduced risk of estrogen-sensitive cancers and improved hormonal balance. Studies show DIM increases the 2:16 hydroxyestrone ratio.
Hormonal Acne Support
By promoting healthy estrogen metabolism and potentially reducing excess estrogen activity, DIM may help with hormonal acne. Many users report significant improvements in hormonal breakouts, particularly along the jawline and chin, within 4-8 weeks.
Men's Estrogen Management
Men produce estrogen through aromatization of testosterone. DIM helps manage estrogen levels by promoting the conversion of estrogen to less active metabolites. This is particularly relevant for men on testosterone replacement therapy or those with elevated estrogen.
Prostate Health
DIM has been studied for prostate health due to its effects on estrogen and androgen metabolism. It may inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells and support healthy prostate function through its effects on hormone metabolism.
Dosage & How to Take
The standard dose is 100-200mg of DIM daily. Start with 100mg and increase if needed. BioResponse DIM (microencapsulated) is better absorbed than plain DIM. Higher doses (200-400mg) are sometimes used under medical supervision.
| Purpose | Dose | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Estrogen metabolism support | 100-200 mg/day | Standard dose for hormonal balance |
| Hormonal acne | 100-200 mg/day | Results typically in 4-8 weeks |
| Men's estrogen management | 100-200 mg/day | Often used alongside testosterone optimization |
| Higher therapeutic dose | 200-400 mg/day | Under medical supervision only |
Best Time to Take
Take with a fat-containing meal for better absorption. DIM is fat-soluble.
With or Without Food
Always take with food containing fat. Microencapsulated forms (BioResponse DIM) have improved absorption regardless of food.
Forms & Bioavailability
| Form | Absorption | Best For | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| BioResponse DIM (Microencapsulated) | High | Best absorption | Microencapsulated with vitamin E and phospholipids. 3-5x better absorption than plain DIM. |
| Plain DIM | Low | Budget option | Poorly absorbed without enhancement. Higher doses needed. |
| DIM + I3C Combination | Moderate | Comprehensive cruciferous support | Combines DIM with its precursor I3C for broader effects. |
Side Effects & Safety
Common
- Darker urine (harmless — DIM metabolites)
- Mild headache when starting
- GI upset
Rare
- Hormonal changes (can lower estrogen too much at high doses)
- Changes in menstrual cycle
- Fatigue
Contraindications
- Hormone-sensitive conditions (consult doctor first)
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding
- Estrogen-dependent medications (may alter estrogen metabolism)
Interactions
DIM may alter estrogen metabolism and affect HRT efficacy
DIM affects estrogen metabolism; may interact with breast cancer medications
DIM induces CYP1A2 enzyme, potentially affecting caffeine and other drug metabolism
Scientific Research
DIM and Estrogen Metabolism
DIM supplementation significantly increased the 2:16 hydroxyestrone ratio, indicating a shift toward protective estrogen metabolism
DIM and Cervical Dysplasia
DIM supplementation showed regression of cervical dysplasia (CIN) in a pilot study, likely through estrogen metabolism modulation
Food Sources
Frequently Asked Questions
Medical Disclaimer
This content is for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen, especially if you have pre-existing health conditions or are taking medications. The statements on this page have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration.